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Tolypocladium inflatum
''Tolypocladium inflatum'' is an asexual ascomycete fungus originally isolated from a Norwegian soil sample that, in certain conditions, produces ciclosporin.
The fungus from which ciclosporin was first isolated was originally misidentified as ''Trichoderma polysporum''.〔Dreyfuss M, Härri E, Hofmann H, Kobel H, Pache W, Tscherter H. (1976). "Cyclosporin A and C: new metabolites from ''Trichoderma polysporum'' (Link ex Pers.) Rifai". ''European Journal of Applied Microbiology'' 3: 125–133.〕 Gams later showed the fungus belonged in a new genus of molds, ''Tolypocladium'', and he coined the name ''Tolypocladium inflatum'' for the ciclosporin fungus.〔Gams W. (1971). "''Tolypocladium'', eine Hyphomycetengattung mit geschwollenen Phialiden". ''Persoonia'' 6: 185–191.〕 In 1983, Bissett found ''T. inflatum'' was the same as ''Pachybasium niveum'', and since the older name would have priority under the rules of botanical nomenclature, Bissett made the combination ''Tolypocladium niveum''.〔Bissett J. (1983). "Notes on ''Tolypocladium'' and related genera". ''Canadian Journal of Botany'' 61: 1311–1329.〕 However, because of the economic importance of the fungus in the pharmaceutical industry, the name ''T. inflatum'' was later formally conserved to avoid confusion, so today the correct name of the mold that produces ciclosporin is ''Tolypocladium inflatum''.
In 1996, Kathie Hodge and colleagues determined the mold ''T. inflatum'' is the asexual state of ''Elaphocordyceps subsessilis'' (formerly ''Cordyceps subsessilis'').〔Hodge KT, Krasnoff SB, Humber RA. (1996). "''Tolypocladium inflatum'' is the anamorph of ''Cordyceps subsessilis''". ''Mycologia'' 88: 715–719.〕 Whereas the sexual ''Elaphocordyceps subsessilis'' state is a pathogen of beetles, the asexual ''T. inflatum'' state is widely distributed in soils.
== References ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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